|
''Krasnyi Kavkaz'' (from Russian: "Красный Кавказ" - "Red Caucasus") was a cruiser of the Soviet Navy that began construction during World War I, but was still incomplete during the Russian Revolution. Her design was heavily modified by the Soviets and she was completed in 1932. During World War II she supported Soviet troops during the Siege of Odessa, Siege of Sevastopol, and the Kerch-Feodosiya Operation in the winter of 1941—42. She was awarded the Guards title on 3 April 1942. She was reclassified as a training ship in May 1947 before being used as a target in 1952. ==Service history== Laid down on 18 October 1913 at the Rossud Dockyard as ''Admiral Lazarev'' for the Imperial Russian Navy as a cruiser of the , she was launched on 8 June 1916. Construction was abandoned in 1917 during the October Revolution when the ship was 63% complete. In the second half of 1918, the Marine Department of Hetman Pavlo Skoropadskyi was engaged in completion of ship. On 25 January 1919, the ship was formally renamed in "Hetman Petro Doroshenko", but Mykolaiv was captured shortly afterward by the Entente.〔Шрамченко Святослав. Українська воєнна Фльота 1919-1920 рр.//Історія українського війська (від княжих часів до 20х років ХХ ст.) / Крип'якевич І., Гнатевич Б., Стефанів З. Та ін. 4те вид. Змін. І доп. Львів: Світ, 1992, C. 433–446〕 The hull was relatively undamaged and the Soviets decided to finish the ship to a modified design. She was renamed ''Krasnyi Kavkaz'' on 14 December 1926, and completed to a modernized design, being commissioned on 25 January 1932.〔Breyer, p. 168〕 ''Krasnyi Kavkaz'' was initially intended to accommodate eight guns in four twin turrets, but this was impossible given her small and lightly constructed hull. Three twin turrets mounting the new 57-caliber ''B-1-K'' gun under development also proved impracticable and the Soviets had to settle for four ''MK-1-180'' single 180 mm gun turrets, two at each end. Her superstructure was massively revised to fit these turrets and all of the original casemated /55 B7 Pattern 1913 guns were removed. As completed her secondary armament was only four 30-caliber 76.2 mm ''Lender'' AA guns mounted between her funnels. Her original internal torpedo tubes were replaced by four triple torpedo mounts mounted on each side of the main deck abaft the forecastle break.〔Whitley, pp. 204-5〕 She was given an aircraft-handling crane, but a catapult wasn't installed aft of her rear funnel until 1935 when a Heinkel catapult was imported from Germany. She was also fitted for mine rails with a capacity of up to 120 mines.〔Breyer, pp. 168, 171〕 The light cruiser collided with her in May 1932, shortly after her commissioning, and badly damaged her bow. It was extensively rebuilt and increased her overall length by over . In 1933 she made port visits in Turkey, Greece and Italy.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Cruiser Krasnyi Kavkaz )〕 She was refitted before Operation Barbarossa, probably about 1940, her catapult was removed, and her anti-aircraft armament was greatly increased. Her four 76.2 mm Lender AA guns were exchanged for four Italian ''Minizini'' twin gun 50-caliber AA mounts and she received four single mounts for the semi-automatic 76.2 mm 34-K were fitted as well as six AA machine guns. Two single mounts for ''34-K'' guns were also fitted, one on each side of the quarterdeck just aft of the rearmost main gun turret. Some of these guns may have been received earlier, the sources are unclear. While under repair at Poti in late 1942 she landed her aft pair of torpedo tubes and received two more ''Minizini'' mounts salvaged from the sunken cruiser . Ten single mounts for the naval version of the 37 mm AA gun was also fitted. By 1944 she was also carrying one quadruple Vickers .50 machine gun MK III mount on top of each of her superfiring main gun turrets and she may have been using Oerlikon 20 mm cannon.〔Whitley, p. 205〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Soviet cruiser Krasnyi Kavkaz」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
|